Japanese martial art
Jujutsu Jūjutsu in kanji in Japanese name Kanji 柔術 Transcriptions Romanization jūjutsu
Jujutsu ( joo-JIT-soo; Japanese: 柔術 jūjutsu, pronounced♨️ [dʑɯꜜːʑɯtsɯ] ()), also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu, is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of close♨️ combat (unarmed or with a minor weapon) that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to kill or♨️ subdue one or more weaponless or armed and armored opponents.
[1][2] Jiu-jitsu dates back to the 1530s and was coined by♨️ Hisamori Tenenouchi when he officially established the first jiu-jitsu school in Japan.
This form of martial arts uses few or no♨️ weapons at all and includes strikes, throws, holds, and paralyzing attacks against the enemy.
Jujutsu developed from the warrior class around♨️ the 17th century in Japan.
[3] It was designed to supplement the swordsmanship of a warrior during combat.
A subset of techniques♨️ from certain styles of jujutsu were used to develop many modern martial arts and combat sports, such as judo, aikido,♨️ sambo, ARB, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and mixed martial arts.
The earliest recorded use of the word "Jiu-Jitsu" happens in 1530s and is♨️ coined by Hisamori Tenenuchi when he officially established the first school of Jiu-Jitsu in Japan.
The history of the art during♨️ this time is uncertain because teachers kept everything secret to give their art a feeling of importance and then would♨️ change the stories of their art to suit their own needs.
Characteristics [ edit ]
"Jū" can be translated as "gentle, soft,♨️ supple, flexible, pliable, or yielding", and "jutsu" can be translated as "art or technique".
"Jujutsu" thus has the meaning of "yielding-art",♨️ as its core philosophy is to manipulate the opponent's force against themself rather than confronting it with one's own force.
[1]♨️ Jujutsu developed to combat the samurai of feudal Japan as a method for defeating an armed and armored opponent in♨️ which one uses no form of weapon, or only a short weapon.
[4] Because striking against an armored opponent proved ineffective,♨️ practitioners learned that the most efficient methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and throws.
These♨️ techniques were developed around the principle of using an attacker's energy against them, rather than directly opposing it.[5]
There are many♨️ variations of the art, which leads to a diversity of approaches.
Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of grappling techniques♨️ to some degree (e.g.
, throwing, takedowns, leg sweeps, trapping, pins, joint locks, holds, chokeholds, strangulation, gouging, biting, hair pulling, disengagements,♨️ and striking).
In addition to jujutsu, many schools teach the use of weapons.
Today, jujutsu is practiced in both traditional self-defense oriented♨️ and modern sports forms.
Derived sport forms include the Olympic sport and martial art of judo, which was developed by Kanō♨️ Jigorō in the late 19th century from several traditional styles of jujutsu, and sambo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, which were derived♨️ from earlier (pre–World War II) versions of Kodokan judo that had more emphasis on ground fighting (which also caused the♨️ creation of kosen judo).
Etymology [ edit ]
Jujutsu, the standard English language spelling, is derived using the Hepburn romanization system.
Before the♨️ first half of the 20th century, however, jiu-Jitsu and ju-jitsu were preferred, even though the romanization of the second kanji♨️ as Jitsu is not faithful to the standard Japanese pronunciation.
It was a non-standardized spelling resulting from how English-speakers heard the♨️ second short u in the word, which is pronounced /ɯ/ and therefore close to a short English i.
[citation needed] This♨️ may also be a reflection of the speech of Shitamachi that merges 'ju' into 'ji'.
Since Japanese martial arts first became♨️ widely known of in the West in that time period, these earlier spellings are still common in many places.
Ju-jitsu is♨️ still a common spelling in France, Canada, and the United Kingdom while jiu-jitsu is most widely used in Germany and♨️ Brazil.
Different from the Japanese pronunciation, the word Jujutsu is still usually pronounced as if it is spelled jujitsu in the♨️ United States.
Some define jujutsu and similar arts rather narrowly as "unarmed" close combat systems used to defeat or control an♨️ enemy who is similarly unarmed.
Basic methods of attack include hitting or striking, thrusting or punching, kicking, throwing, pinning or immobilizing,♨️ strangling, and joint locking.
Great pains were also taken by the bushi (classic warriors) to develop effective methods of defense, including♨️ parrying or blocking strikes, thrusts and kicks, receiving throws or joint locking techniques (i.e.
, falling safely and knowing how to♨️ "blend" to neutralize a technique's effect), releasing oneself from an enemy's grasp, and changing or shifting one's position to evade♨️ or neutralize an attack.
As jujutsu is a collective term, some schools or ryu adopted the principle of ju more than♨️ others.
From a broader point of view, based on the curricula of many of the classical Japanese arts themselves, however, these♨️ arts may perhaps be more accurately defined as unarmed methods of dealing with an enemy who was armed, together with♨️ methods of using minor weapons such as the jutte (truncheon; also called jitter), tantō (knife), or kakushi buki (hidden weapons),♨️ such as the ryofundo kusari (weighted chain) or the bankokuchoki (a type of knuckle-duster), to defeat both armed or unarmed♨️ opponents.
Furthermore, the term jujutsu was also sometimes used to refer to tactics for infighting used with the warrior's major weapons:♨️ katana or tachi (sword), yari (spear), naginata (glaive), jō (short staff), and bō (quarterstaff).
These close combat methods were an important♨️ part of the different martial systems that were developed for use on the battlefield.
They can be generally characterized as either♨️ Sengoku period (1467–1603) katchu bu Jutsu or yoroi kumiuchi (fighting with weapons or grappling while clad in armor), or Edo♨️ period (1603–1867) suhada bu Jutsu (fighting while dressed in the normal street clothing of the period, kimono and hakama).
The first♨️ Chinese character of jujutsu (Chinese and Japanese: 柔; pinyin: róu; rōmaji: jū; Korean: 유; romaja: yu) is the same as♨️ the first one in judo (Chinese and Japanese: 柔道; pinyin: róudào; rōmaji: jūdō; Korean: 유도; romaja: yudo).
The second Chinese character♨️ of jujutsu (traditional Chinese and Japanese: 術; simplified Chinese: 术; pinyin: shù; rōmaji: jutsu; Korean: 술; romaja: sul) is the♨️ same as the second one in bujutsu (traditional Chinese and Japanese: 武術; simplified Chinese: 武术; pinyin: wǔshù; rōmaji: bujutsu; Korean:♨️ 무술; romaja: musul).
History [ edit ]
Demonstration of a jujutsu defense against a knife attack.
Berlin 1924Origins [ edit ]
The written history♨️ of Jujutsu first began during the Nara period (c.710 – c.
794) combining early forms of Sumo and various Japanese martial♨️ arts which were used on the battlefield for close combat.
The oldest known styles of Jujutsu are, Shinden Fudo-ryū (c.
1130), Tenshin♨️ Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū (c.
1447), and Takenouchi-ryū, which was founded in 1530s.
Many jujutsu forms also extensively taught parrying and counterattacking long♨️ weapons such as swords or spears via a dagger or other small weapons.
In contrast to the neighbouring nations of China♨️ and Okinawa whose martial arts made greater use of striking techniques, Japanese hand-to-hand combat forms focused heavily upon throwing (including♨️ joint-locking throws), immobilizing, joint locks, choking, strangulation, and to lesser extent ground fighting.
In the early 17th century during the Edo♨️ period, jujutsu would continue to evolve due to the strict laws which were imposed by the Tokugawa shogunate to reduce♨️ war as influenced by the Chinese social philosophy of Neo-Confucianism which was obtained during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea and spread♨️ throughout Japan via scholars such as Fujiwara Seika.
[6] During this new ideology, weapons and armor became unused decorative items, so♨️ hand-to-hand combat flourished as a form of self-defense and new techniques were created to adapt to the changing situation of♨️ unarmored opponents.
This included the development of various striking techniques in jujutsu which expanded upon the limited striking previously found in♨️ jujutsu which targeted vital areas above the shoulders such as the eyes, throat, and back of the neck.
However towards the♨️ 18th century the number of striking techniques was severely reduced as they were considered less effective and exert too much♨️ energy; instead striking in jujutsu primarily became used as a way to distract the opponent or to unbalance him in♨️ the lead up to a joint lock, strangle or throw.
During the same period the numerous jujutsu schools would challenge each♨️ other to duels which became a popular pastime for warriors under a peaceful unified government.
From these challenges, randori was created♨️ to practice without risk of breaking the law and the various styles of each school evolved from combating each other♨️ without intention to kill.[7][8]
The term jūjutsu was not coined until the 17th century, after which time it became a blanket♨️ term for a wide variety of grappling-related disciplines and techniques.
Prior to that time, these skills had names such as "short♨️ sword grappling" (小具足腰之廻, kogusoku koshi no mawari), "grappling" (組討 or 組打, kumiuchi), "body art" (体術, taijutsu), "softness" (柔 or 和,♨️ yawara), "art of harmony" (和術, wajutsu, yawarajutsu), "catching hand" (捕手, torite), and even the "way of softness" (柔道, jūdō) (as♨️ early as 1724, almost two centuries before Kanō Jigorō founded the modern art of Kodokan judo).[2]
Today, the systems of unarmed♨️ combat that were developed and practiced during the Muromachi period (1333–1573) are referred to collectively as Japanese old-style jujutsu (日本古流柔術,♨️ Nihon koryū jūjutsu).
At this period in history, the systems practiced were not systems of unarmed combat, but rather means for♨️ an unarmed or lightly armed warrior to fight a heavily armed and armored enemy on the battlefield.
In battle, it was♨️ often impossible for a samurai to use his long sword or polearm, and would, therefore, be forced to rely on♨️ his short sword, dagger, or bare hands.
When fully armored, the effective use of such "minor" weapons necessitated the employment of♨️ grappling skills.
Methods of combat (as mentioned above) included striking (kicking and punching), various takedowns, trips, throwing (body throws, shoulder and♨️ hip throws, joint-locking throws, sacrifice throws, unbalance and leg sweeping throws), restraining (pinning, strangling, grappling, wrestling, and rope tying) and♨️ weaponry.
Defensive tactics included blocking, evading, off-balancing, blending and escaping.
Minor weapons such as the tantō (knife), ryofundo kusari (weighted chain), kabuto♨️ wari (helmet breaker), and Kaku shi buki (secret or disguised weapons) were almost always included in Sengoku jujutsu.
Development [ edit♨️ ]
In later times, other ko-ryū developed into systems more familiar to the practitioners of Nihon jujutsu commonly seen today.
These are♨️ correctly classified as Edo jūjutsu (founded during the Edo period): they are generally designed to deal with opponents neither wearing♨️ armor nor in a battlefield environment but instead utilize grips and holds on opponent's clothing.
Most systems of Edo jujutsu include♨️ extensive use of atemi waza (vital-striking technique), which would be of little use against an armored opponent on a battlefield.
[original♨️ research?] They would, however, be quite valuable in confronting an enemy or opponent during peacetime dressed in normal street attire♨️ (referred to as "suhada bujutsu").
Occasionally, inconspicuous weapons such as tantō (daggers) or tessen (iron fans) were included in the curriculum♨️ of Edo jūjutsu.
1911 French publication on jujutsu
Another seldom-seen historical side is a series of techniques originally included in both Sengoku♨️ and Edo jujutsu systems.
Referred to as Hojo waza (捕縄術 hojojutsu, Tori Nawa Jutsu, nawa Jutsu, hayanawa and others), it involves♨️ the use of a hojo cord, (sometimes the sageo or tasuke) to restrain or strangle an attacker.
These techniques have for♨️ the most part faded from use in modern times, but Tokyo police units still train in their use and continue♨️ to carry a hojo cord in addition to handcuffs.
The very old Takenouchi-ryu is one of the better-recognized systems that continue♨️ extensive training in hojo waza.
Since the establishment of the Meiji period with the abolishment of the Samurai and the wearing♨️ of swords, the ancient tradition of Yagyū Shingan-ryū (Sendai and Edo lines) has focused much towards the Jujutsu (Yawara) contained♨️ in its syllabus.
Many other legitimate Nihon jujutsu Ryu exist but are not considered koryu (ancient traditions).
These are called either Gendai♨️ Jujutsu or modern jujutsu.
Modern jujutsu traditions were founded after or towards the end of the Tokugawa period (1868) when more♨️ than 2000 schools (ryū) of jūjutsu existed.
Various supposedly traditional ryu and ryuha that are commonly thought of as koryu jujutsu♨️ are actually gendai jūjutsu.
Although modern in formation, very few gendai Jujutsu systems have direct historical links to ancient traditions and♨️ are incorrectly referred to as traditional martial systems or koryu.
Their curriculum reflects an obvious bias towards techniques from judo and♨️ Edo jūjutsu systems, and sometimes have little to no emphasis on standing armlocks and joint-locking throws that were common in♨️ Koryu styles.
They also usually do not teach usage of traditional weapons as opposed to the Sengoku jūjutsu systems that did.
The♨️ improbability of confronting an armor-clad attacker and using traditional weapons is the reason for this bias.
Over time, Gendai jujutsu has♨️ been embraced by law enforcement officials worldwide and continues to be the foundation for many specialized systems used by police.
Perhaps♨️ the most famous of these specialized police systems is the Keisatsujutsu (police art) Taiho jutsu (arresting art) system formulated and♨️ employed by the Tokyo Police Department.
Jujutsu techniques have been the basis for many military unarmed combat techniques (including British/US/Russian special♨️ forces and SO1 police units) for many years.
Since the early 1900s, every military service in the world has an unarmed♨️ combat course that has been founded on the principal teachings of jujutsu.[9]
In the early 1900s[10] Edith Garrud became the first♨️ British female teacher of jujutsu,[11] and one of the first female martial arts instructors in the Western world.[12]
There are many♨️ forms of sports jujutsu, the original and most popular being judo, now an Olympic sport.
One of the most common is♨️ mixed-style competitions, where competitors apply a variety of strikes, throws, and holds to score points.
There are also kata competitions, where♨️ competitors of the same style perform techniques and are judged on their performance.
There are also freestyle competitions, where competitors take♨️ turns attacking each other, and the defender is judged on performance.
Another more recent form of competition growing much more popular♨️ in Europe is the Random Attack form of competition, which is similar to Randori but more formalized.
Description [ edit ]
The♨️ word Jujutsu can be broken down into two parts."Ju" is a concept.
The idea behind this meaning of Ju is "to♨️ be gentle", "to give way", "to yield", "to blend", "to move out of harm's way".
"Jutsu" is the principle or "the♨️ action" part of ju-jutsu.
In Japanese this word means art.[13]
Japanese jujutsu systems typically put more emphasis on throwing, pinning, and joint-locking♨️ techniques as compared with martial arts such as karate, which rely more on striking techniques.
Striking techniques were seen as less♨️ important in most older Japanese systems because of the protection of samurai body armor and because they were considered less♨️ effective than throws and grappling so were mostly used as set-ups for their grappling techniques and throws, although some styles,♨️ such as Yōshin-ryū, Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū and Kyushin-ryū had more emphasis on striking.
However, many modern-day jujutsu schools include striking, both as♨️ a set-up for further techniques or as a stand-alone action.
In jujutsu, practitioners train in the use of many potentially fatal♨️ or crippling moves, such as joint-locking throws.
However, because students mostly train in a non-competitive environment, the risk is minimized.
Students are♨️ taught break falling skills to allow them to safely practice otherwise dangerous throws.
Old schools and derivations [ edit ]
As jujutsu♨️ has so many facets, it has become the foundation for a variety of styles and derivations today.
As each instructor incorporated♨️ new techniques and tactics into what was taught to them originally, they codified and developed their own ryu (school) or♨️ Federation to help other instructors, schools, and clubs.
Some of these schools modified the source material enough that they no longer♨️ consider themselves a style of jujutsu.
Arguments and discussions amongst the martial arts fraternity have evoked to the topic of whether♨️ specific methods are in fact not jujitsu at all.
Tracing the history of a specific school can be cumbersome and impossible♨️ in some circumstances.
Around the year 1600 there were over 2000 jujutsu ko-ryū styles, most with at least some common descent,♨️ characteristics, and shared techniques.
Specific technical characteristics, list of techniques, and the way techniques were performed varied from school to school.
Many♨️ of the generalizations noted above do not hold true for some schools of jujutsu.
Schools of jujutsu with long lineages include:Aikido♨️ [ edit ]
Aikido is a modern martial art developed primarily during the late 1920s through the 1930s by Morihei Ueshiba♨️ from the system of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu.
Ueshiba was an accomplished student of Takeda Sokaku with aikido being a systemic refinement of♨️ defensive techniques from Aiki-Jujutsu in ways that are intended to prevent harm to either the attacker or the defender.
Aikido changed♨️ much during Ueshiba's lifetime, so earlier styles (such as Yoshinkan) are more like the original Aiki-Jujutsu than ones (such as♨️ Ki-Aikido) that more resemble the techniques and philosophy that Ueshiba stressed towards the end of his life.
Wado Ryu Karate [♨️ edit ]
Wadō-ryū (和道流) is one of the four major karate styles and was founded by Hironori Otsuka (1892–1982).
Wadō-ryū is a♨️ hybrid of Japanese Martial Arts such as Shindō Yōshin-ryū Ju-jitsu, Shotokan Karate, and Shito Ryu Karate.
The style itself places emphasis♨️ on not only striking, but tai sabaki, joint locks and throws.
It has its origins within Tomari-te.
From one point of view,♨️ Wadō-ryū might be considered a style of jū-jutsu rather than karate.
Hironori Ōtsuka embraced ju-jitsu and was its chief instructor for♨️ a time.
When Ōtsuka first registered his school with the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai in 1938, the style was called "Shinshu♨️ Wadō-ryū Karate-Jūjutsu," a name that reflects its hybrid character.
Ōtsuka was a licensed Shindō Yōshin-ryū practitioner and a student of Yōshin-ryū♨️ when he first met the Okinawan karate master Gichin Funakoshi.
After having learned from Funakoshi, and after their split, with Okinawan♨️ masters such as Kenwa Mabuni and Motobu Chōki, Ōtsuka merged Shindō Yōshin-ryū with Okinawan karate.
The result of Ōtsuka's efforts is♨️ Wadō-ryū Karate.
Bartitsu [ edit ]
Jujutsu was first introduced to Europe in 1898 by Edward William Barton-Wright, who had studied Tenjin♨️ Shinyō-ryū and Shinden Fudo-ryū in Yokohama and Kobe.
He also trained briefly at the Kodokan in Tokyo.
Upon returning to England he♨️ folded the basics of all of these styles, as well as boxing, savate, and forms of stick fighting, into an♨️ eclectic self-defence system called Bartitsu.[17]Judo [ edit ]
Kanō Jigorō, founder of judo
Modern judo is the classic example of a sport♨️ that derived from jujutsu.
Many who study judo believe as Kanō did, that judo is not a sport but a self-defense♨️ system creating a pathway towards peace and universal harmony.
Another layer removed, some popular arts had instructors who studied one of♨️ these jujutsu derivatives and later made their own derivative succeed in competition.
This created an extensive family of martial arts and♨️ sports that can trace their lineage to jujutsu in some part.
The way an opponent is dealt with also depends on♨️ the teacher's philosophy with regard to combat.
This translates also in different styles or schools of jujutsu.
Not all jujutsu was used♨️ in sporting contests, but the practical use in the samurai world ended circa 1890.
Techniques like hair-pulling, eye-poking, and groin attacks♨️ were and are not considered acceptable in sport, thus, they are excluded from judo competitions or randori.
However, judo did preserve♨️ some more lethal, dangerous techniques in its kata.
The kata were intended to be practised by students of all grades but♨️ now are mostly practised formally as complete set-routines for performance, kata competition and grading, rather than as individual self-defense techniques♨️ in class.
However, judo retained the full set of choking and strangling techniques for its sporting form and all manner of♨️ joint locks.
Even judo's pinning techniques have pain-generating, spine-and-rib-squeezing and smothering aspects.
A submission induced by a legal pin is considered a♨️ legitimate win.
Kanō viewed the safe "contest" aspect of judo as an important part of learning how to control an opponent's♨️ body in a real fight.
Kanō always considered judo a form of, and development of, jujutsu.
A judo technique starts with gripping♨️ the opponent, followed by off-balancing them and using their momentum against them, and then applying the technique.
Kuzushi (the art of♨️ breaking balance) is also used in jujutsu, whereby an opponent's attack is deflected using their momentum against them in order♨️ to arrest their movements then throw them or pin them with a technique - thus controlling the opponent.
It is known♨️ in both systems that kuzushi is essential in order to use as little energy as possible.
Jujutsu differs from judo in♨️ a number of ways.
In some circumstances, judoka generate kuzushi by striking one's opponent along his weak line.
Other methods of generating♨️ kuzushi include grabbing, twisting, poking or striking areas of the body known as atemi points or pressure points (areas of♨️ the body where nerves are close to the skin – see kyusho-jitsu) to unbalance opponent and set up throws.
Brazilian jiu-jitsu♨️ [ edit ]
Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) was developed after Mitsuyo Maeda brought judo to Brazil in 1914.
Maeda agreed to teach the♨️ art to Luiz França, Jacintho Ferro and Carlos Gracie, son of his friend, businessman and politician Gastão Gracie.
Luiz França went♨️ on to teach it to Oswaldo Fadda.
After Carlos learned the art from Ferro and Maeda, he passed his knowledge to♨️ his brothers Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., and George.
Meanwhile, Hélio Gracie would peek in and practice the techniques, although he was told♨️ he was too young to practise.
At the time, Judo was still commonly called Kanō jiu-jitsu (from its founder Kanō Jigorō),♨️ which is why this derivative of judo is called Brazilian jiu-jitsu rather than Brazilian judo.
Its emphasis shifted to ground fighting♨️ because the Gracie family thought that it was easier to learn than throws and standup grappling, more efficient and much♨️ more practical.
Carlos and Helio helped the development by promoting fights (mostly against practitioners of other martial arts), competitions and experimenting♨️ throughout decades of intense training.
BJJ dominated the first large modern mixed martial arts competitions in the United States,[citation needed] causing♨️ the emerging field to adopt many of its practices.
Less-practised stand-up techniques in Gracie jiujitsu survive in some BJJ clubs from♨️ its judo and jujutsu heritage (judo throws, knife defense, gun defense, blocking, striking etc.).
Sambo [ edit ]
Anatoly Kharlampiyev (right) shows♨️ a set-up for a standard Sambo arm-knot, which, if proceeded further, would turn into a standing Nelson hold without taking♨️ down the opponent
Sambo (an acronym from samozashchita bez oruzhia, Russian for "self defense without a weapon") was an early Soviet♨️ martial art, a direct descendant of judo, developed in the 1920s by Viktor Spiridonov, the Dynamo Sports Society jujutsu instructor,♨️ and Russo-Japanese War veteran.
As it was developed largely for police purposes, a special emphasis in Sambo was placed on the♨️ standing armlocks and grappling-counters in order to free oneself from hold, apprehend and escort a suspect without taking him down;♨️ Sambo utilized throws mainly as a defensive counter in case of a surprise attack from behind.
Instead of takedowns, it used♨️ shakedowns to unbalance the opponent without actually dropping him down, while oneself still maintaining a steady balance.
It was in essence♨️ a standing arm-wrestling, armlock mastery-type of martial art, which utilized a variety of different types of armlocks, knots and compression-holds♨️ (and counters to protect oneself from them) applied to the opponent's fingers, thumbs, wrist, forearm, elbow, biceps, shoulder, and neck,♨️ coupled with finger pressure on various trigger points of human body, particularly sensitive to painful pressure, as well as manipulating♨️ the opponent's sleeve and collar to immobilize his upper body, extremities, and subdue him.
Sambo combined jujutsu with wrestling, boxing, and♨️ savate techniques for extreme street situations.
Later, in the late 1930s it was methodized by Spiridonov's trainee Vladislav Volkov to be♨️ taught at military and police academies, and eventually combined with the judo-based wrestling technique developed by Vasili Oshchepkov, who was♨️ the third foreigner to learn judo in Japan and earned a second-degree black belt awarded by Kanō Jigorō himself, encompassing♨️ traditional Central Asian styles of folk wrestling researched by Oshchepkov's disciple Anatoly Kharlampiyev to create sambo.
As Spiridonov and Oshchepkov disliked♨️ each other very much, and both opposed vehemently to unify their effort, it took their disciples to settle the differences♨️ and produce a combined system.
Modern sports sambo is similar to sport judo or sport Brazilian jiu-jitsu with differences including use♨️ of a sambovka jacket and shorts rather than a full keikogi, and a special emphasis on leglocks and holds, but♨️ with much less emphasis on guard and chokes (banned in competition).
Modern schools [ edit ]
After the introduction of jujutsu to♨️ the West, many of these more traditional styles underwent a process of adaptation at the hands of Western practitioners, molding♨️ the arts of jujutsu to suit western culture in its myriad varieties.
There are today many distinctly westernized styles of jujutsu,♨️ that stick to their Japanese roots to varying degrees.[18]
Some of the largest post-reformation (founded post-1905) gendai jujutsu schools include (but♨️ are certainly not limited to these in that there are hundreds (possibly thousands), of new branches of "jujutsu"):
Sport jujutsu [♨️ edit ]
There are many types of sport jujutsu.
One version of sport jujutsu is known as "JJIF Rules Sport Ju-Jitsu", organized♨️ by Ju-Jitsu International Federation (JJIF).
The JJIF is a member of GAISF and has been recognized as an official sport of♨️ the World Games.
Sport jujutsu comes in three main variants.
In Duo (self-defense demonstration), both the tori (attacker) and the uke (defender)♨️ come from the same team and demonstrate self-defense techniques.
In this variant, there is a special system named Random Attacks, focusing♨️ on instilling quick reaction times against any given attack by defending and countering.
The tori and the uke are also from♨️ the same team but here they do not know what the attack will be, which is given to the tori♨️ by the judges, without the uke's knowledge.
The second variant is the Fighting System (Freefighting) where competitors combine striking, grappling and♨️ submissions under rules which emphasise safety.
Many of the potentially dangerous techniques such as scissor takedowns, necklocks and digital choking and♨️ locking are prohibited in sport jujutsu.
There are a number of other styles of sport jujutsu with varying rules.[19][20]
The third variant♨️ is the Japanese/Ne Waza (grappling) system in which competitors start standing up and work for a submission.
Striking is not allowed.
Other♨️ variants of competition include Sparring, with various rule sets.
Ground fighting similar to BJJ, Kata and Demonstrations.
Sparring and ground fighting can♨️ have various rule sets depending on the organisation.
Kata can be open hand or with traditional Jujutsu weapons and Demonstrations can♨️ be in pairs or teams of up to 7.[21]
Heritage and philosophy [ edit ]
Japanese culture and religion have become intertwined♨️ with the martial arts in the public imagination.
Buddhism, Shinto, Taoism and Confucian philosophy co-exist in Japan, and people generally mix♨️ and match to suit.
This reflects the variety of outlook one finds in the different schools.
Jujutsu expresses the philosophy of yielding♨️ to an opponent's force rather than trying to oppose force with force.
Manipulating an opponent's attack using his force and direction♨️ allows jujutsuka to control the balance of their opponent and hence prevent the opponent from resisting the counterattack.
