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Welcome to this online blackjack page where you can play the best free blackjack games. The benefits of playing online🔔 are that you can learn blackjack rules in no rush and there is no actual monetary loss if you lose!🔔 You can click the menu button on the top right corner to read the rules. What's best: We also automatically🔔 save your game so you can come back anytime to play blackjack online! Remember, you don't win because you are🔔 closer to the value of 21 -- you win because your combined value of the cards is greater than that🔔 of dealer.

Blackjack Strategy

1. When the value of dealer's revealed card is 4,5 or 6, it may be fruitful to double🔔 your bet with an Ace and 4 in hand.

2. You may want to surrender if you have 16 in your🔔 hand while the dealer has a 9,10 or A.

3. You should always split if you have a pair of Aces.

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Blackjack is

a card game that pits player versus dealer. It is💸 played with one or more decks of

cards. Cards are counted as their respective numbers, face cards as ten, and💸 ace as

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Gambling card game

Blackjack A blackjack example, consisting of an ace and a 10-valued

card Alternative names Twenty-One Type Comparing Players📉 2+, usually 2–7 Skills

Probability Cards 52 to 416 (one to eight 52-card decks) Deck French Play Clockwise

Chance High📉 Related games Pontoon, twenty-one, Siebzehn und Vier, vingt-et-un

Blackjack

(formerly black jack and vingt-un) is a casino banking game.[1]: 342 It📉 is the most

widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends

from📉 a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". This family of card

games also includes the European games📉 vingt-et-un and pontoon, and the Russian game

Ochko [ru].[2] Blackjack players do not compete against each other. The game is📉 a

comparing card game where each player competes against the dealer.

History [ edit

]

Blackjack's immediate precursor was the English version📉 of twenty-one called

vingt-un, a game of unknown (but likely Spanish) provenance. The first written

reference is found in a📉 book by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes was a

gambler, and the protagonists of his "Rinconete y Cortadillo",📉 from Novelas Ejemplares,

are card cheats in Seville. They are proficient at cheating at veintiuna (Spanish for

"twenty-one") and state📉 that the object of the game is to reach 21 points without going

over and that the ace values 1📉 or 11. The game is played with the Spanish baraja

deck.

"Rinconete y Cortadillo" was written between 1601 and 1602, implying📉 that

ventiuna was played in Castile since the beginning of the 17th century or earlier.

Later references to this game📉 are found in France and Spain.[3]

The first record of the

game in France occurs in 1888 and in Britain during📉 the 1770s and 1780s, but the first

rules appeared in Britain in 1800 under the name of vingt-un.[6] Twenty-One, still

📉 known then as vingt-un, appeared in the United States in the early 1800s. The first

American rules were an 1825📉 reprint of the 1800 English rules. English vingt-un later

developed into an American variant in its own right which was📉 renamed blackjack around

1899.

According to popular myth, when vingt-un ('twenty-one') was introduced into the

United States (in the early 1800s,📉 during the First World War, or in the 1930s,

depending on the source), gambling houses offered bonus payouts to stimulate📉 players'

interest. One such bonus was a ten-to-one payout if the player's hand consisted of the

ace of spades and📉 a black jack (either the jack of clubs or the jack of spades). This

hand was called a "blackjack", and📉 the name stuck even after the ten-to-one bonus was

withdrawn.

French card historian Thierry Depaulis debunks this story, showing that

prospectors📉 during the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) gave the name blackjack to the game

of American vingt-un, the bonus being the📉 usual ace and any 10-point card. Since

blackjack also refers to the mineral zincblende, which was often associated with gold

📉 or silver deposits, he suggests that the mineral name was transferred by prospectors to

the top bonus hand. He could📉 not find any historical evidence for a special bonus for

having the combination of an ace and a black jack.

In📉 September 1956, Roger Baldwin,

Wilbert Cantey, Herbert Maisel, and James McDermott published a paper titled "The

Optimum Strategy in Blackjack"📉 in the Journal of the American Statistical

Association,[9] the first mathematically sound optimal blackjack strategy. This paper

became the foundation📉 of future efforts to beat blackjack. Ed Thorp used Baldwin's hand

calculations to verify the basic strategy and later published📉 (in 1963) Beat the

Dealer.[10]

Rules of play at casinos [ edit ]

Blackjack example game Initial deal

Player action Dealer's hand📉 revealed Bets settled

At a blackjack table, the dealer

faces five to nine playing positions from behind a semicircular table. Between📉 one and

eight standard 52-card decks are shuffled together. To start each round, players place

bets in the "betting box"📉 at each position. In jurisdictions allowing back betting, up

to three players can be at each position. The player whose📉 bet is at the front of the

betting box controls the position, and the dealer consults the controlling player for

📉 playing decisions; the other bettors "play behind". A player can usually control or bet

in as many boxes as desired📉 at a single table, but an individual cannot play on more

than one table at a time or place multiple📉 bets within a single box. In many U.S.

casinos, players are limited to playing one to three positions at a📉 table.

The dealer

deals from their left ("first base") to their far right ("third base"). Each box gets

an initial hand📉 of two cards visible to the people playing on it. The dealer's hand

gets its first card face-up and, in📉 "hole card" games, immediately gets a second card

face-down (the hole card), which the dealer peeks at but only reveals📉 when it makes the

dealer's hand a blackjack. Hole card games are sometimes played on tables with a small

mirror📉 or electronic sensor used to peek securely at the hole card. In European

casinos, "no hole card" games are prevalent;📉 the dealer's second card is not drawn

until the players have played their hands.

Dealers deal the cards from one or📉 two

handheld decks, from a dealer's shoe or from a shuffling machine. Single cards are

dealt to each wagered-on position📉 clockwise from the dealer's left, followed by a

single card to the dealer, followed by an additional card to each📉 of the positions in

play. The players' initial cards may be dealt face-up or face-down (more common in

single-deck games).

The📉 object of the game is to win money by creating card totals

higher than those of the dealer's hand but📉 not exceeding 21, or by stopping at a total

in the hope that the dealer will bust. On their turn,📉 players choose to "hit" (take a

card), "stand" (end their turn and stop without taking a card), "double" (double their

📉 wager, take a single card, and finish), "split" (if the two cards have the same value,

separate them to make📉 two hands), or "surrender" (give up a half-bet and retire from

the game).

Number cards count as their number, the jack,📉 queen, and king ("face cards"

or "pictures") count as 10, and aces count as either 1 or 11 according to📉 the player's

choice. If the total exceeds 21 points, it busts, and all bets on it immediately

lose.

After the boxes📉 have finished playing, the dealer's hand is resolved by drawing

cards until the hand achieves a total of 17 or📉 higher. If the dealer has a total of 17

including an ace valued as 11 (a "soft 17"), some games📉 require the dealer to stand

while other games require another draw. The dealer never doubles, splits, or

surrenders. If the📉 dealer busts, all remaining player hands win. If the dealer does not

bust, each remaining bet wins if its hand📉 is higher than the dealer's and loses if it

is lower.

A player total of 21 on the first two cards📉 is a "natural" or "blackjack",

and the player wins immediately unless the dealer also has one, in which case the📉 hand

ties. In the case of a tie ("push" or "standoff"), bets are returned without

adjustment. A blackjack beats any📉 hand that is not a blackjack, even one with a value

of 21.

Wins are paid out at even money, except📉 for player blackjacks, which are

traditionally paid out at 3 to 2 odds. Many casinos today pay blackjacks at less📉 than

3:2. This is common in single-deck blackjack games.[11]

Blackjack games usually offer a

side bet called insurance, which may be📉 placed when the dealer's face-up card is an

ace. Additional side bets, such as "Dealer Match" which pays when the📉 player's cards

match the dealer's up card, are also sometimes available.

Player decisions [ edit

]

After the initial two cards, the📉 player has up to five options: "hit", "stand",

"double down", "split", or "surrender". Each option has a corresponding hand

signal.

Hit:📉 Take another card.

Signal: Scrape cards against the table (in handheld

games); tap the table with a finger or wave a📉 hand toward the body (in games dealt

face-up).

Stand: Take no more cards; also known as "stand pat", "sit", "stick", or

📉 "stay".

Signal: Slide cards under chips (in handheld games); wave hand horizontally (in

games dealt face-up).

Double down: Increase the initial bet📉 by 100% and take exactly

one more card. The additional bet is placed next to the original bet. Some games📉 permit

the player to increase the bet by amounts smaller than 100%, which is known as "double

for less".[12] Non-controlling📉 players may or may not double their wager, but they

still only take one card.

Signal: Place additional chips beside the📉 original bet

outside the betting box and point with one finger.

Split: Create two hands from a

starting hand where both📉 cards are the same value. Each new hand gets a second card

resulting in two starting hands. This requires an📉 additional bet on the second hand.

The two hands are played out independently, and the wager on each hand is📉 won or lost

independently. In the case of cards worth 10 points, some casinos only allow splitting

when the cards📉 rank the same. For example, 10-10 could be split, but K-10 could not.

Doubling and re-splitting after splitting are often📉 restricted. A 10-valued card and an

ace resulting from a split usually isn't considered a blackjack. Hitting split aces is

📉 often not allowed. Non-controlling players can opt to put up a second bet or not. If

they do not, they📉 only get paid or lose on one of the two post-split hands.

Signal:

Place additional chips next to the original bet📉 outside the betting box and point with

two fingers spread into a V formation.

Surrender: Forfeit half the bet and end📉 the hand

immediately. This option is only available at some tables in some casinos, and the

option is only available📉 as the first decision.

Signal: Spoken; there are no standard

signals.

Hand signals help the "eye in the sky" make a video📉 recording of the table,

which resolves disputes and identifies dealer mistakes. It is also used to protect the

casino against📉 dealers who steal chips or players who cheat. Recordings can also

identify advantage players. When a player's hand signal disagrees📉 with their words, the

hand signal takes precedence.

A hand can "hit" as often as desired until the total is

21📉 or more. Players must stand on a total of 21. After a bust or a stand, play proceeds

to the📉 next hand clockwise around the table. After the last hand is played, the dealer

reveals the hole card and stands📉 or draws according to the game's rules. When the

outcome of the dealer's hand is established, any hands with bets📉 remaining on the table

are resolved (usually in counterclockwise order); bets on losing hands are forfeited,

the bet on a📉 push is left on the table, and winners are paid out.

Insurance [ edit ]

If

the dealer shows an ace, an📉 "insurance" bet is allowed. Insurance is a side bet that

the dealer has a blackjack. The dealer asks for insurance📉 bets before the first player

plays. Insurance bets of up to half the player's current bet are placed on the

📉 "insurance bar" above the player's cards. If the dealer has a blackjack, insurance pays

2 to 1. In most casinos,📉 the dealer looks at the down card and pays off or takes the

insurance bet immediately. In other casinos, the📉 payoff waits until the end of the

play.

In face-down games, if a player has more than one hand, they can📉 look at all

their hands before deciding. This is the only condition where a player can look at

multiple hands.

Players📉 with blackjack can also take insurance.

Insurance bets lose

money in the long run. The dealer has a blackjack less than📉 one-third of the time. In

some games, players can also take insurance when a 10-valued card shows, but the dealer

📉 has an ace in the hole less than one-tenth of the time.

The insurance bet is

susceptible to advantage play. It📉 is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the

hole card has more than a one in three chance of📉 being a ten. Card counting techniques

can identify such situations.

Rule variations and effects on house edge [ edit ]

Note:

Where📉 changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in percentage

terms, the difference is usually📉 stated here in percentage points, not a percentage.

For example, if an edge of 10% is reduced to 9%, it📉 is reduced by one percentage point,

not reduced by ten percent.

Doubling down. The third card is placed at right angles📉 to

signify that the player cannot receive any more cards.

Blackjack rules are generally

set by regulations that establish permissible rule📉 variations at the casino's

discretion.[13] Blackjack comes with a "house edge"; the casino's statistical advantage

is built into the game.📉 Most of the house's edge comes from the fact that the player

loses when both the player and dealer bust.📉 Blackjack players using basic strategy lose

on average less than 1% of their action over the long run, giving blackjack📉 one of the

lowest edges in the casino. The house edge for games where blackjack pays 6 to 5

instead📉 of 3 to 2 increases by about 1.4%, though. Player deviations from basic

strategy also increase the house edge.

Dealer hits📉 soft 17

A "soft 17" in blackjack (an

ace and any combination of 6)

Each game has a rule about whether the📉 dealer must hit or

stand on soft 17, which is generally printed on the table surface. The variation where

the📉 dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated "H17" in blackjack literature, with "S17"

used for the stand-on-soft-17 variation. Substituting an📉 "H17" rule with an "S17" rule

in a game benefits the player, decreasing the house edge by about 0.2%.

Number of

📉 decks

All things being equal, using fewer decks decreases the house edge. This mainly

reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack,📉 since if the player draws a ten

on their first card, the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher📉 with fewer

decks. It also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack–blackjack push in a

game with fewer decks.

Casinos generally📉 compensate by tightening other rules in games

with fewer decks, to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether. When

📉 offering single-deck blackjack games, casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on

soft hands or after splitting, restrict resplitting, require📉 higher minimum bets, and

pay the player less than 3:2 for a winning blackjack.

The following table illustrates

the mathematical effect📉 on the house edge of the number of decks, by considering games

with various deck counts under the following ruleset:📉 double after split allowed,

resplit to four hands allowed, no hitting split aces, no surrendering, double on any

two cards,📉 original bets only lost on dealer blackjack, dealer hits soft 17, and

cut-card used. The increase in house edge per📉 unit increase in the number of decks is

most dramatic when comparing the single-deck game to the two-deck game, and📉 becomes

progressively smaller as more decks are added.

Number of decks House advantage Single

deck 0.17% Double deck 0.46% Four decks📉 0.60% Six decks 0.64% Eight decks

0.66%

Late/early surrender

Surrender, for those games that allow it, is usually not

permitted against a📉 dealer blackjack; if the dealer's first card is an ace or ten, the

hole card is checked to make sure📉 there is no blackjack before surrender is offered.

This rule protocol is consequently known as "late" surrender. The alternative, "early"

📉 surrender, gives the player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for

blackjack, or in a no hole card📉 game. Early surrender is much more favorable to the

player than late surrender.

For late surrender, however, while it is tempting📉 to opt

for surrender on any hand which will probably lose, the correct strategy is to only

surrender on the📉 very worst hands, because having even a one-in-four chance of winning

the full bet is better than losing half the📉 bet and pushing the other half, as entailed

by surrendering.

Resplitting

If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value,

📉 most games allow the player to split again, or "resplit". The player places a further

wager, and the dealer separates📉 the new pair dealing a further card to each as before.

Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit📉 it to a certain number

of hands, such as four hands (for example, "resplit to 4").

Hit/resplit split

aces

After splitting aces,📉 the common rule is that only one card will be dealt to each

ace; the player cannot split, double, or📉 take another hit on either hand. Rule variants

include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces.📉 Games

allowing aces to be resplit are not uncommon, but those allowing the player to hit

split aces are extremely📉 rare. Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split

aces reduces the house edge by about 0.13%; allowing resplitting📉 of aces reduces the

house edge by about 0.03%. Note that a ten-value card dealt on a split ace (or📉 vice

versa) will not be counted as a blackjack but as a soft 21.

No double after split

After

a split, most📉 games allow doubling down on the new two-card hands. Disallowing doubling

after a split increases the house edge by about📉 0.12%.

Double on 9/10/11 or 10/11

only

Under the "Reno rule", doubling down is only permitted on hard totals of 9, 10,📉 or

11 (under a similar European rule, only 10 or 11). The basic strategy would otherwise

call for some doubling📉 down with hard 9 and soft 13–18, and advanced players can

identify situations where doubling on soft 19–20 and hard📉 8, 7, and even 6 is

advantageous. The Reno rule prevents the player from taking advantage of double-down in

these📉 situations and thereby increases the player's expected loss. The Reno rule

increases the house edge by around 0.1%, and its📉 European version by around 0.2%.

No

hole card and OBO

In most non-U.S. casinos, a "no hole card" game is played, meaning

📉 that the dealer does not draw nor consult their second card until after all players

have finished making decisions. With📉 no hole card, it is rarely the correct basic

strategy to double or split against a dealer ten or ace,📉 since a dealer blackjack will

result in the loss of the split and double bets; the only exception is with📉 a pair of

aces against a dealer 10, where it is still correct to split. In all other cases, a

📉 stand, hit, or surrender is called for. For instance, when holding 11 against a dealer

10, the correct strategy is📉 to double in a hole card game (where the player knows the

dealer's second card is not an ace), but📉 to hit in a no-hole card game. The

no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0.11% to the house edge.

The "original bets only"

📉 rule variation appearing in certain no hole card games states that if the player's hand

loses to a dealer blackjack,📉 only the mandatory initial bet ("original") is forfeited,

and all optional bets, meaning doubles and splits, are pushed. "Original bets📉 only" is

also known by the acronym OBO; it has the same effect on basic strategy and the house

edge📉 as reverting to a hole card game.[14]

Altered payout for a winning blackjack

In

many casinos, a blackjack pays only 6:5 or📉 even 1:1 instead of the usual 3:2. This is

most common at tables with lower table minimums. Although this payoff📉 was originally

limited to single-deck games, it has spread to double-deck and shoe games. Among common

rule variations in the📉 U.S., these altered payouts for blackjack are the most damaging

to the player, causing the greatest increase in house edge.📉 Since blackjack occurs in

approximately 4.8% of hands, the 1:1 game increases the house edge by 2.3%, while the

6:5📉 game adds 1.4% to the house edge. Video blackjack machines generally pay a 1:1

payout for a blackjack.[11]

Dealer wins ties

The📉 rule that bets on tied hands are lost

rather than pushed is catastrophic to the player. Though rarely used in📉 standard

blackjack, it is sometimes seen in "blackjack-like" games, such as in some charity

casinos.

Blackjack strategy [ edit ]

Basic strategy📉 [ edit ]

Each blackjack game has a

basic strategy, the optimal method of playing any hand. When using basic strategy,📉 the

long-term house advantage (the expected loss of the player) is minimized.

An example of

a basic strategy is shown in📉 the table below, which applies to a game with the

following specifications:[15]

Four to eight decks

The dealer hits on a soft📉 17

A double

is allowed after a split

Only original bets are lost on dealer blackjack

Player hand

Dealer's face-up card 2 3📉 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A Hard totals (excluding pairs) 18–21 S S S S

S S S📉 S S S 17 S S S S S S S S S Us 16 S S S S S📉 H H Uh Uh Uh 15 S S S S S H H H Uh Uh

13–14 S S S📉 S S H H H H H 12 H H S S S H H H H H 11 Dh📉 Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh 10 Dh

Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh H H📉 9 H Dh Dh Dh Dh H H H H H 5–8 H H H H H H H H📉 H H Soft totals

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A,9 S S S S S📉 S S S S S A,8 S S S S Ds S S S S S A,7 Ds Ds Ds📉 Ds

Ds S S H H H A,6 H Dh Dh Dh Dh H H H H H A,4–A,5 H📉 H Dh Dh Dh H H H H H A,2–A,3 H H H

Dh Dh H H H H H📉 Pairs 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A, A SP SP SP SP SP SP SP📉 SP SP SP 10,10 S S

S S S S S S S S 9,9 SP SP SP SP SP📉 S SP SP S S 8,8 SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP Usp 7,7

SP SP SP📉 SP SP SP H H H H 6,6 SP SP SP SP SP H H H H H 5,5 Dh📉 Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh H H

4,4 H H H SP SP H H H H H📉 2,2–3,3 SP SP SP SP SP SP H H H H

Key:

S = Stand H = Hit Dh =

Double (if📉 not allowed, then hit) Ds = Double (if not allowed, then stand) SP = Split

Uh = Surrender (if not📉 allowed, then hit) Us = Surrender (if not allowed, then stand)

Usp = Surrender (if not allowed, then split)

Most basic📉 strategy decisions are the same

for all blackjack games. Rule variations call for changes in only a few situations. For

📉 example, to use the table above on a game with the stand-on-soft-17 rule (which favors

the player, and is typically📉 found only at higher-limit tables today) only 6 cells

would need to be changed: hit on 11 vs. A, hit📉 on 15 vs. A, stand on 17 vs. A, stand on

A,7 vs. 2, stand on A,8 vs. 6, and📉 split on 8,8 vs. A. Regardless of the specific rule

variations, taking insurance or "even money" is never the correct📉 play under a basic

strategy.[15]

Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and

gaming regulators are based📉 on the assumption that the players follow basic

strategy.

Most blackjack games have a house edge of between 0.5% and 1%,📉 placing

blackjack among the cheapest casino table games for the player. Casino promotions such

as complimentary matchplay vouchers or 2:1📉 blackjack payouts allow players to acquire

an advantage without deviating from basic strategy.[16]

Composition-dependent strategy

[ edit ]

The basic strategy is📉 based on a player's point total and the dealer's visible

card. Players can sometimes improve on this decision by considering📉 the composition of

their hand, not just the point total. For example, players should ordinarily stand when

holding 12 against📉 a dealer 4. But in a single deck game, players should hit if their

12 consists of a 10 and📉 a 2. The presence of a 10 in the player's hand has two

consequences:[17]

It makes the player's 12 a worse📉 hand to stand on (since the only way

to avoid losing is for the dealer to go bust, which is📉 less likely if there are fewer

10s left in the shoe).

It makes hitting safer, since the only way of going📉 bust is to

draw a 10, and this is less likely with a 10 already in the hand.

Even when basic📉 and

composition-dependent strategies lead to different actions, the difference in expected

reward is small, and it becomes smaller with more📉 decks. Using a composition-dependent

strategy rather than a basic strategy in a single-deck game reduces the house edge by 4

📉 in 10,000, which falls to 3 in 100,000 for a six-deck game.[18]

Advantage play [ edit

]

Blackjack has been a high-profile📉 target for advantage players since the 1960s.

Advantage play attempts to win more using skills such as memory, computation, and

📉 observation. While these techniques are legal, they can give players a mathematical

edge in the game, making advantage players unwanted📉 customers for casinos. Advantage

play can lead to ejection or blacklisting. Some advantageous play techniques in

blackjack include:

Card counting [📉 edit ]

During the course of a blackjack shoe, the

dealer exposes the dealt cards. Players can infer from their accounting📉 of the exposed

cards which cards remain. These inferences can be used in the following ways:

Players

can make larger bets📉 when they have an advantage. For example, the players can increase

the starting bet if many aces and tens are📉 left in the deck, in the hope of hitting a

blackjack.

Players can deviate from basic strategy according to the composition📉 of

their undealt cards. For example, with many tens left in the deck, players might double

down in more situations📉 since there is a better chance of getting a good hand.

A card

counting system assigns a point score to each📉 card rank (e.g., 1 point for 2–6, 0

points for 7–9, and −1 point for 10–A). When a card is📉 exposed, a counter adds the

score of that card to a running total, the 'count'. A card counter uses this📉 count to

make betting and playing decisions. The count starts at 0 for a freshly shuffled deck

for "balanced" counting📉 systems. Unbalanced counts are often started at a value that

depends on the number of decks used in the game.

Blackjack's📉 house edge is usually

around 0.5–1% when players use basic strategy.[19] Card counting can give the player an

edge of📉 up to about 2%.[20]: 5

Card counting works best when a few cards remain. This

makes single-deck games better for counters.📉 As a result, casinos are more likely to

insist that players do not reveal their cards to one another in📉 single-deck games. In

games with more decks, casinos limit penetration by ending the shoe and reshuffling

when one or more📉 decks remain undealt. Casinos also sometimes use a shuffling machine

to reintroduce the cards whenever a deck has been played.

Card📉 counting is legal unless

the counter is using an external device,[20]: 6–7 but a casino might inform counters

that they📉 are no longer welcome to play blackjack. Sometimes a casino might ban a card

counter from the property.[21]

The use of📉 external devices to help count cards is

illegal throughout the United States.[22]

Shuffle tracking [ edit ]

Another advantage

play technique, mainly📉 applicable in multi-deck games, involves tracking groups of

cards (also known as slugs, clumps, or packs) through the shuffle and📉 then playing and

betting according to when those cards come into play from a new shoe. Shuffle tracking

requires excellent📉 eyesight and powers of visual estimation but is harder to detect;

shuffle trackers' actions are largely unrelated to the composition📉 of the cards in the

shoe.[23]

Arnold Snyder's articles in Blackjack Forum magazine brought shuffle tracking

to the general public. His📉 book, The Shuffle Tracker's Cookbook, mathematically

analyzed the player edge available from shuffle tracking based on the actual size of

📉 the tracked slug. Jerry L. Patterson also developed and published a shuffle-tracking

method for tracking favorable clumps of cards and📉 cutting them into play and tracking

unfavorable clumps of cards and cutting them out of play.[24][25][26]

Identifying

concealed cards [ edit📉 ]

The player can also gain an advantage by identifying cards

from distinctive wear markings on their backs, or by hole📉 carding (observing during the

dealing process the front of a card dealt face-down). These methods are generally legal

although their📉 status in particular jurisdictions may vary.[27]

Side bets [ edit ]

Many

blackjack tables offer side bets on various outcomes including:[28]

Player hand📉 and

dealer's up card total 19, 20, or 21 ("Lucky Lucky")

Player initial hand is a pair

("Perfect pairs")

Player initial hand📉 is suited, and connected, or a suited K-Q ("Royal

match")

Player initial hand plus dealer's card makes a flush, straight, or

📉 three-of-a-kind poker hand ("21+3")

Player initial hand totals 20 ("Lucky

Ladies")

Dealer upcard is in between the value of the player's two📉 cards ("In

Bet")

First card drawn to the dealer will result in a dealer bust ("Bust It!")

One or

both of the📉 player's cards is the same as the dealer's card ("Match the Dealer")

The

side wager is typically placed in a designated📉 area next to the box for the main wager.

A player wishing to wager on a side bet usually must📉 place a wager on blackjack. Some

games require that the blackjack wager should equal or exceed any side bet wager.📉 A

non-controlling player of a blackjack hand is usually permitted to place a side bet

regardless of whether the controlling📉 player does so.

The house edge for side bets is

generally higher than for the blackjack game itself. Nonetheless, side bets📉 can be

susceptible to card counting. A side count designed specifically for a particular side

bet can improve the player's📉 edge. Only a few side bets, like "Insurance" and "Lucky

Ladies", correlate well with the high-low counting system and offer📉 a sufficient win

rate to justify the effort of advantage play.

In team play, it is common for team

members to📉 be dedicated to only counting a side bet using a specialized count.

Video

blackjack [ edit ]

A video blackjack machine at📉 Seven Feathers Casino.

Some casinos, as

well as general betting outlets, provide blackjack among a selection of casino-style

games at electronic📉 consoles. Video blackjack game rules are generally more favorable

to the house; e.g., paying out only even money for winning📉 blackjacks. Video and online

blackjack games generally deal each round from a fresh shoe (i.e., use an RNG for each

📉 deal), rendering card counting ineffective in most situations.[29]

Variants and related

games [ edit ]

Blackjack is a member of the family📉 of traditional card games played

recreationally worldwide. Most of these games have not been adapted for casino play.

Furthermore, the📉 casino game development industry actively produces blackjack variants,

most of which are ultimately not adopted by casinos. The following are📉 the most

prominent and established variants in casinos.

Spanish 21 provides players with liberal

rules, such as doubling down any number📉 of cards (with the option to "rescue", or

surrender only one wager to the house), payout bonuses for five or📉 more card 21s, 6–7–8

21s, 7–7–7 21s, late surrender, and player blackjacks and player 21s always winning.

The trade-off is📉 having no 10s in the deck, although the jacks, queens, and kings are

still there. An unlicensed version of Spanish📉 21 played without a hole card is found in

Australian casinos under the name "pontoon".

provides players with liberal rules, such

📉 as doubling down any number of cards (with the option to "rescue", or surrender only

one wager to the house),📉 payout bonuses for five or more card 21s, 6–7–8 21s, 7–7–7

21s, late surrender, and player blackjacks and player 21s📉 always winning. The trade-off

is having no 10s in the deck, although the jacks, queens, and kings are still there.📉 An

unlicensed version of Spanish 21 played without a hole card is found in Australian

casinos under the name "pontoon".📉 21st-century blackjack (or Vegas-style blackjack ) is

found in California card rooms. In variations, a player bust does not always📉 result in

an automatic loss; depending on the casino, the player can still push if the dealer

also busts. The📉 dealer has to bust with a higher total, though.

(or ) is found in

California card rooms. In variations, a player📉 bust does not always result in an

automatic loss; depending on the casino, the player can still push if the📉 dealer also

busts. The dealer has to bust with a higher total, though. Double exposure blackjack

deals the first two📉 cards of the dealer's hand face up. Blackjacks pay even money, and

players lose on ties. Also, players can neither📉 buy insurance nor surrender.

deals the

first two cards of the dealer's hand face up. Blackjacks pay even money, and players

📉 lose on ties. Also, players can neither buy insurance nor surrender. Double attack

blackjack has liberal blackjack rules and the📉 option of increasing one's wager after

seeing the dealer's up card. This game is dealt from a Spanish shoe, and📉 blackjacks

only pay even money.

has liberal blackjack rules and the option of increasing one's

wager after seeing the dealer's up📉 card. This game is dealt from a Spanish shoe, and

blackjacks only pay even money. Blackjack switch is played over📉 two hands, and the

second card can be switched between hands. For example, if the player is dealt 10–6 and

📉 5–10, then the player can switch two cards to make hands of 10–10 and 6–5. Natural

blackjacks are paid 1:1📉 instead of the standard 3:2, and a dealer 22 is a push.

is

played over two hands, and the second card📉 can be switched between hands. For example,

if the player is dealt 10–6 and 5–10, then the player can switch📉 two cards to make

hands of 10–10 and 6–5. Natural blackjacks are paid 1:1 instead of the standard 3:2,

and📉 a dealer 22 is a push. Super fun 21 allows a player to split a hand up to four

times.📉 If the player has six cards totaling 20, they automatically win. Wins are paid

1:1.

Examples of local traditional and recreational📉 related games include French

vingt-et-un ('twenty-one') and German Siebzehn und Vier ('seventeen and four'). Neither

game allows splitting. An ace📉 counts only eleven, but two aces count as a blackjack. It

is mostly played in private circles and barracks. The📉 popular British member of the

vingt-un family is called "pontoon", the name being probably a corruption of

vingt-et-un.

Blackjack Hall of📉 Fame [ edit ]

In 2002, professional gamblers worldwide

were invited to nominate great blackjack players for admission into the Blackjack📉 Hall

of Fame. Seven members were inducted in 2002, with new people inducted every year

after. The Hall of Fame📉 is at the Barona Casino in San Diego. Members include Edward O.

Thorp, author of the 1960s book Beat the📉 Dealer; Ken Uston, who popularized the concept

of team play; Arnold Snyder, author and editor of the Blackjack Forum trade📉 journal;

and Stanford Wong, author and popularizer of "Wonging".

References [ edit ]

Further

reading [ edit ]

General literature [ edit ]

Depaulis,📉 Thierry (April–June 2010).

"Dawson's Game: Blackjack and the Klondike". In Endebrock, Peter (ed.). The

Playing-Card . Journal of the International📉 Playing-Card Society. Vol. 38 (4). The

International Playing-Card Society. ISSN 0305-2133.

Hoyle's Games Improved . New York:

G. Long. 1825.

Jones, Charles📉 (1800). Hoyle's Games Improved (New, considerably

enlarged, revised and corrected ed.). London: Ritchie.

Parlett, David (1990). A History

of Card Games,📉 OUP, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-282905-X

Blackjack literature [ edit

]

Mathematics of blackjack [ edit ]

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